Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy has achieved great momentum in recent years on investigating chemical reaction heterogeneities and kinetics with nanometer precision. Compared with traditional methods, it shows great advantages in localizing catalytic active species and reactive sites and unveiling underlying reaction mechanisms on various structures (e.g.,1D nanorodes/nanowires, 2D nanosheets/nanoplates, 3D interconnected and hierarchical structures). In our research, we will apply this super-resolution microscopy method to study the single-molecule adsorption, desorption and catalytic activity on various nanomaterials. Due to the remarkable spatial resolution and ability to study the real-time dynamic process, we aim to apply this technique to reveal surface active-site distributions, reaction kinetics, chemical dynamics, and structure-dependent catalytic performance of nanomaterials. Such microscopic information on catalytic process would help establish structure-dynamics relationship at the nanoscale and in turn, provide fundamental guidance on the catalyst design.